（皖湘）2019_2020学年高中英语Unit1GettingalongwithothersPeriodFiveGrammar—TheToinfinitiveandVerb_ing课件牛津译林版必修5.pptx

,,,,,Getting along with others,Unit 1,,,,,PART 1,语法导学,PART 2,达标检测,Period Five Grammar—The To infinitive and Verb-ing,,PART1,,语法导学,,,感悟规律 重点难点剖析,感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题,◆语法感知,1.以上句中，句1和句3中的动词不定式作 ；句2和句5中的动词不定式作；句4中的动词不定式作 。 2.以上句中，句6、句7、句8和句9中动名词作 ；句10中动名词作 。,查看答案,宾语,状语,宾补,宾语,主语,动词不定式 动词不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。,◆语法精析,常见的形式如下表所示(以及物动词do为例)，不及物动词没有被动语态。,一、不定式的时态和语态 1.一般式表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。例如： He seems to know this. 他似乎知道这事。 I hope to see you again. ＝I hope that I’ll see you again. 我希望再见到你。 2.进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。例如： He seems to be eating something. 他好像正在吃什么东西。,3.完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如： I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble. 很抱歉，给你添了那么多的麻烦。 He seems to have caught a cold. 他好像已经得了感冒。 4.完成进行式表示动作从过去开始延续至说话的时候。例如： She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 我们知道她研究这问题有好几年了。,二、不定式的作用 1.作主语 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放到句子的后面。 It’s so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。,2.作宾语 大致上有两种情况： (1)有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为“动词＋不定式”。例如： The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 (2)“疑问词＋不定式”结构可作介词的宾语。例如： We’re talking about how to overcome the present difficulties.我们正在讨论如何克服当前的困难。 She gave me lots of valuable advice on how to lose weight.她就如何减肥给我提出了许多宝贵的建议。,3.作宾补 有些动词可以用不定式作补语。有这种用法的动词有：advise，allow，cause，challenge，command，drive(驱使)，enable，encourage，forbid，force，instruct，invite，like/love，order，permit，want，get，warn，persuade，request，send，tell，train，urge等。例如： Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵们开火。,4.作表语 不定式可放在系动词后面作表语。例如： His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。 5.作定语 不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后面，往往表示未发生的动作。例如： Are you going to the conference to be held next week? 你准备参加下周举行的会议吗？,6.作状语 (1)作目的状语 常用结构为to do，only to do，in order to do，so as to do，so (such).as to.。例如： He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I come here only to say goodbye to you. 我来仅仅是为了向你告别。,(2)作结果状语 表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。 He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜查了房间，结果什么也没发现。 (3)表原因 She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。,(4)表理由和条件 He must be a fool to say so. 他那样说真是傻。 You will do well to speak more carefully. 如果你说话再小心一些，你将会做得很好。,注意：1.省去to的动词不定式 (1)情态动词(除ought外)后。 (2)使役动词let，have，make后；感官动词see，watch，look at，notice，observe，hear，listen to，smell，feel，find等后。但被动语态中不能省去to。例如： The boss made them work the whole night. ＝They were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让他们整夜干活。 I saw him dance.＝He was seen to dance by me. 我看见他跳舞了。,(3)would rather，had better句型后。 (4)Why./Why not.句型后。 (5)help后可带to，也可不带to。 (6)but和except后。but前有实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。 比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。 He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃药，他什么都信。,2.to可以用作不定式的标志，也可用作介词。下面的to都用作介词： admit to object to be accustomed to be used to(习惯于) stick to turn to(开始) look forward to be devoted to pay attention to contribute to apologize to devote oneself to when it comes to,动名词 动名词由动词原形加-ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词可以起名词的作用，在句中作主语和宾语等；同时，它还保留着某些动词的特征，如有完成式和被动语态，可以有自己的宾语和状语。 动名词的否定形式为：not/never＋动名词。详情见下表(以动词do为例)：,一、动名词的时态和语态 1.主动语态 (1)一般式。动名词的一般式所表示的动作可以是泛指，也可以与谓语动词同时发生。例如： Then for a period of several weeks we practise doing the play. 然后这几周的时间我们排练这部戏。 (2)完成式。完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如： He apologized to me for having broken my glasses. 由于打破了我的眼镜，他向我道歉。,2.被动语态 如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示的动作的承受者，动名词要用被动语态。 (1)一般式。例如： He came in without being noticed. 他进来了，谁也没有注意到。 (2)完成式。表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如： She’s angry about not having been invited. 她对没有受到邀请感到生气。,二、动名词的句法功能 1.作主语 谓语动词一律用单数形式。例如： It is no use arguing with him. 和他争吵是没有用的。 注意：常用v.-ing形式作主语的句型有： It is/was a waste of time doing.做……是浪费时间的。 It is/was no good/use doing.做……是没用的。,2.作表语 作表语的动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。例如： Her job is teaching.＝Teaching is her job. 她的工作是教书。 In the ant city，the queen’s job is laying eggs. ＝In the ant city，laying eggs is the queen’s job. 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。,3.作宾语 He is fond of playing football. 他喜欢踢足球。 注意：(1)admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel like，finish，forgive，give up，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，risk，suggest，can’t help，can’t stand等动词和动词短语后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。,(2)forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词(短语)可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。例如：,remember doing sth.记得做过某事 remember to do sth.记住要做某事,,go on doing sth.继续做(同一件事情) go on to do sth.继续做(另外一件事情),,4.作定语 动名词作定语修饰名词时，说明被修饰名词的用途，在意义上有“供作……之用”的意思。可以用这种定语修饰的名词有：way (of)，method (of)，art (of)，chance (of)，opportunity (of)，habit (of)，hope (of)，process (of)，possibility (of)，importance (of)，means (of)等。例如： The cave was a good hiding place for the poor children at that time.在那个时候，这个洞穴对于那些穷孩子来说是一个很好的藏身之处。 a walking stick＝a stick for walking一根拐棍 Your way of looking at things is better. 你看事情的方式比较好。,5.作同位语 动名词作同位语时，表示对前面的名词进行解释说明。例如： His habit，listening to the news on the radio，remains unchanged. 他在收音机上听新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。 6.动名词的复合结构 名词所有格或物主代词后加动名词，即构成动名词的复合结构(one’s/sb. ’s /n.＋doing/being done)，而名词所有格或物主代词是动名词的逻辑主语。当动名词短语放在动词或介词之后时，名词所有格或物主代词还可分别用名词或人称代词的宾格代替。动名词的复合结构在句中多作主语或宾语。例如：,Do you mind my/me opening the window? 我开窗你介意吗？(作宾语/宾补) Mike’s returning me the money in time pleased me. 迈克及时还我钱，我非常满意。(作主语) We cannot finish our work without John helping us. 有约翰帮助我们，我们才能够完成工作。(作宾补),单句语法填空 1.You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of ______ (die) early by running.(2018·全国Ⅰ) 2.You don’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit.(2018·全国Ⅰ) 3.I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.(2018·全国Ⅲ) 4.The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice __________ (improve) water quality.(2018·全国Ⅱ) 5.Once his message was delivered，he allowed me (stay) and watch.(2018·全国Ⅲ),◆高考链接,dying,to see,looking,to improve,to stay,查看答案,6.I didn’t mean (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help (try) it.(2018·天津) 7. (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.(2018·北京) 8.During the Mid-Autumn Festival，family members often gather together ___(share) a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.(2018·北京) 9.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ___(save) their valuable time.(2017·北京) 10.I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train _________(catch).(2017·天津),查看答案,to eat,trying,Traveling,to,share,to,save,to catch,,PART2,,达标检测,,,当堂检测 基础达标演练,1.The teacher forbade us (leave) our seats. 2.A good host should avoid (make) his guests embarrassed. 3.The man hurried home，only (find) that the door was locked. 4.It’s an effective way (appeal) to the news media. 5.The difference in size and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad mini easier (hold). 6.No one is allowed (enter) the building at night.,to leave,making,to find,to appeal,to hold,to enter,,Ⅰ.单句语法填空,查看答案,7.Obviously，the old man was afraid of (abandon) by the other travelers. 8.There is nothing worse than (have) no friends in the world. 9.She couldn’t stand (tell) what to do. 10.In her opinion， (play) computer games is a waste of time.,being abandoned,having,being told,playing,查看答案,11.He is so stubborn that it’s no use argue with him. 12.Lie on the beach during the summer vacation really makes you relaxed. 13.In the past，the boy was made work for more than twelve hours a day. 14.They signed an agreement expand the trade between the two countries. 15.When it comes to speak in public，no one can match him.,查看答案,,Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误),arguing,Lying,∧ to,∧ to,speaking,